Transactions are a key aspect of any electronic commerce endeavor.
A transaction is a set of software operations that share what is known as the ACID properties of transactions:
atomicity
consistency
isolation
durability
1.Atomicity requires that all operations of a transaction be performed successfully in order for the transaction to be considered complete.
-If all of a transaction's operations cannot be performed, then none of them may be performed.
2.Consistency refers to data consistency:
a transaction must transition the data from one consistent state to another while preserving the data's semantic and physical integrity.
3. Isolation requires that each transaction appear to be the only transaction currently manipulating the data.
-Other transactions may run concurrently, but other transactions should not see the intermediate data resulting from other concurrent transactions until they have successfully completed and committed their work.
- Isolation protects a transaction from working with changes to data that can be rolled back.
4. Durability means that updates made by committed transactions persist in the database regardless of failures that occur after the commit operation.
Thus, if a system crashes after a transaction has committed, the data changes associated with that transaction are always recoverable.
5.Security
The Internet relies on several security protocols.
Secure communication is another essential aspect of any Web-based enterprise computing architecture. For Web-based e-commerce, the Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols have been successful in verifying the authentication of Web sites, encrypting the transfer of data, and ensuring the integrity of information exchange.
6.Identity
7.Passport
Microsoft's Passport maintains identity across a variety of applications.Passport is Microsoft's single-sign-on authentication service that allows users access to participating Web sites.
8.The Liberty Alliance Project
The goal is to create a single-sign-on, decentralized authentication system for online services, accessible from any Internet-enabled device. With Liberty, the objective is to create a universal digital identity service based on open standards.
1.Atomicity requires that all operations of a transaction be performed successfully in order for the transaction to be considered complete.
-If all of a transaction's operations cannot be performed, then none of them may be performed.
2.Consistency refers to data consistency:
a transaction must transition the data from one consistent state to another while preserving the data's semantic and physical integrity.
3. Isolation requires that each transaction appear to be the only transaction currently manipulating the data.
-Other transactions may run concurrently, but other transactions should not see the intermediate data resulting from other concurrent transactions until they have successfully completed and committed their work.
- Isolation protects a transaction from working with changes to data that can be rolled back.
4. Durability means that updates made by committed transactions persist in the database regardless of failures that occur after the commit operation.
Thus, if a system crashes after a transaction has committed, the data changes associated with that transaction are always recoverable.
5.Security
The Internet relies on several security protocols.
Secure communication is another essential aspect of any Web-based enterprise computing architecture. For Web-based e-commerce, the Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security protocols have been successful in verifying the authentication of Web sites, encrypting the transfer of data, and ensuring the integrity of information exchange.
6.Identity
7.Passport
Microsoft's Passport maintains identity across a variety of applications.Passport is Microsoft's single-sign-on authentication service that allows users access to participating Web sites.
8.The Liberty Alliance Project
The goal is to create a single-sign-on, decentralized authentication system for online services, accessible from any Internet-enabled device. With Liberty, the objective is to create a universal digital identity service based on open standards.
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